Multiplexed Genetic Analysis Using an Expanded Genetic Alphabet

Multiplexed genetic analysis using an expanded genetic alphabet.

BACKGROUND All states require some kind of testing for newborns, but the policies are far from standardized. In some states, newborn screening may include genetic tests for a wide range of targets, but the costs and complexities of the newer genetic tests inhibit expansion of newborn screening. We describe the development and technical evaluation of a multiplex platform that may foster increase...

Novel Biopolymers Based on an Expanded Genetic Alphabet

Structurally and functionally modified nucleotides expand the scope of therapeutic and diagnosticapplications of oligonucleotides. Incorporation of these into DNA and replication of oligonucleotidescontaining them by polymerases may cause pausing, early termination, and misincorporation,however. Reported here is a simple in vitro assay to screen for DNA polymerases that accept modif...

Did the RNA World Exploit an Expanded Genetic Alphabet?

Conversion strategy using an expanded genetic alphabet to assay nucleic acids.

Methods to detect DNA and RNA (collectively xNA) are easily plagued by noise, false positives, and false negatives, especially with increasing levels of multiplexing in complex assay mixtures. Here, we describe assay architectures that mitigate these problems by converting standard xNA analyte sequences into sequences that incorporate nonstandard nucleotides (Z and P). Z and P are extra DNA bui...

automatic verification of authentication protocols using genetic programming

implicit and unobserved errors and vulnerabilities issues usually arise in cryptographic protocols and especially in authentication protocols. this may enable an attacker to make serious damages to the desired system, such as having the access to or changing secret documents, interfering in bank transactions, having access to users’ accounts, or may be having the control all over the syste...